Benefits of the Great Wall of China

Benefits of the Great Wall of China The Great Wall The text The Great Wall, by John Man, is about the worlds longest man made structure. Ranging from eastern to western China the length of the great wall remains unknown because the wall does not form a single continues line. There are several gaps and its been destroyed and rebuilt during different dynasties. Measurements vary between 2,694 and 6,000 kilometers from the western desert to the sea (Man, 5). The section that was built in the Ming Dynasty is about 25 feet tall and 16 feet wide. In Chinese, the symbol for wall is ambiguous; it can mean both Long City, and Long Walls. Construction of the Great Wall began around 214 BC and it was maintained until the 16th century. The Wall that was built in the Qin Dynasty is the most famous one because it was the first and oldest section that still remains today. The latest or the most current segment was built in the Ming Dynasty. There is much more to it than just a barrier; the wall itself contains fortresses, barracks, guard towers and beacon towers (Man, 5). Though the Great Wall is a national symbol of identity for the Chinese, the reason for its construction is commonly unknown. Most people believe that the wall was built to create protection from the barbarous nomads in northern China who were attacking them, but this was not the case. John Man in The Great Wall argues that the nomad attacks were a justification for the destruction of the tribes. The nomads were not the ones to initiate violence; it was the Chinese that provoked and attacked the nomads for land. The Wall was never the barrier it seemed or was claimed to be because nomads could still easily go over or through it while the Chinese empire ruled and influenced both side of the wall (Man, 8). So it was useless against the Mongols in the north. It was Chinese expansionism that eventually forced the evolution of pastoral nomadism and Chinese expansionism that created the threat (Man, 21). The construction of the wall served mutliple purposes. One, it defined spheres of interest, marking a frontier and confining the unruly nomad populations where they could eventually be turned into workers (Man, 8). Two, it was a way for ambitious leaders to flaunt their power and warn alien threats. The wall was first created when China was divided into three different states: the Zhou in the northern borderlands, the Qin in south and west, and the Yen in north and east. These rulers each built walls for protection from each other and to show that they were serious about ruling (Man, 23). In 221 B.C. Qin Huang conquered and unified all the states and symbolically demolished the inter-state walls. He then extended the remaining wall into the northern frontier for protection from an Xiongnu invasion (Great Wall). The wall eventually became Chinas main civic project, comparable in scope to the pyramids in Egypt, and construction continued until the last dynasty in the 16th century. One of the biggest advantages of the Great Wall was that it created a sense of identity for the Chinese. It portrayed their endurance and their economical and political power. Although it was functionally useless and took hundreds of years to complete, it worked as a symbol of authority and power in the eyes of Chinas opponents and enemies. It also isolated the nomadic tribes that lived in the northern side of the wall, forcing them to participate in barter and trade. One of the advantages of the great wall was this forced increase in commercial and trade. Scholar Jia Yi states, our markets beneath the Great Wall will surely swarm with the Xiongnuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦When the Xiognu have developed craving for our rice, stew, barbecues and wine, this will have become their fatal weakness. Border Markets Thrived(60). The Wall also helped protect traders and administrators, which encouraged a merchant middle class in the western kingdoms, leading China to be richer than ever. While the empire was split in three different states, it was the nobles who were responsible for organizing a workforce for the construction of the walls. Peasants were forced to work on the wall by their nobles (Man, 23). People suffered from the forced labor it took to build the Great Wall, (Man, 123). It was estimated that during the construction of the wall, from 5th to 16th century, about 2-3 millions Chinese workers lost their lives (Great Wall). They didnt have a formal burial, the workers that died were sealed inside the wall as if they were born to support in weight both in life and in death. The workforce was divided into three different groups: soldiers, criminals, and ordinary people. Millions were called to work on the Wall, leaving their families and loved ones behind; even children had to join the workforce (Labor Force of Great Wall). The wall led to a large numbers of deaths and injuries during the years of its construction. It split up families and widowed many women. Not only did the wall have a negative effect on the citizens of the empire but it also had a negative impact on the nomads that lived on the northern side of the wall. It restricted their area of stay and the resources they had, limiting their amount of space for animals and restricting their travel to alternative trade or lands. This eventually led nomads to unify under the Mongolian Empire. The Mongolian Empire was led by emperor Genghis Khan, who organized raids and attacks on the Chinese Empire. The wall might have been a great authoritative representation, but it had an equally strong negative effect on the communities surrounding it. The wall that was built by the first emperor Qin was not sustainable; it was made of earth rather than stones, causing the wall to vanish over the years. Later dynasties would then rebuild it using earth, wood, or stones. Originally, the earth wall was made from was a mix of mud and local grass straws. The wall in north of Guyuan and in Yinchuan is the oldest original earth section. Later, lacking any efficient form of transportation for the materials, the workers would just adapt local resources. They would use rocks from nearby mountains or rammed earth from the plains. It wasnt until the later dynasties started expanding the walls to Hohhot and Beijing that carved stone began to be formally and universally used. Because of this patchwork of materials, some parts of the wall were made of chunks of flat, slate-like rock and ran along a hillside while others used bricks (Man, 8). During the Ming dynasties the walls were constructed using tiles, lime, and stone, which managed to last longer and be more effective (The Wall). Because the bricks were easier to carry compared to stones and earth, they made it easier for the workers to build the walls (The Wall). The stones were still used for the foundations since they could hold the walls weight better under different conditions. As years passed, people continued to acquire better resources and methods to construct the walls. The time and the location of the structure help determine the reasons behind the creation of the walls. It was built at a time where competition and power among the different states and regions was at its peak, different Emperors wanted to intimidate their respective enemies by showing them that they had the economic and political power necessary for this huge civic project. It was more of a symbol of their power rather than functionally protective as there was no real exterior threat to the dynasties. Even if there was, the nomads had no problem climbing or going through the wall. To them, the wall was not an obstacle. The Great Wall was built at a time where emperors wanted to flaunt their dominance to intimidate any potential enemy attacks. The great wall was am intimidating structure, a series of safe-houses for traders, a hugely extended barracks, a road for the transport of goods-and thus, as the second meaning of the symbol for great wall in Chinese implies, a very long city. Today the great wall is a representation of peace. A Tibetan said The Great Wall is a masterpiece containing the wisdom and diligence of all the peoples and nationalities of China. As the years passed, the wall became more redundant. Today the wall is a representation and symbol of China. The wall is no longer a barrier or a border but a pure symbol of a Chinese heritage. It attracts millions of people from all over the world who come to see the worlds largest structure. Useful in its time, today construction of the wall would create a dispute among United Nations. It would be even less functionally protective as a wall would not stop the intentions of any outside threat with the technology and weapons we have today. The Great Wall by John Man isnt the best literature Ive read, especially for this assignment. The most useful information I received for this assignment was in the introduction. The rest of the book focused more on the broader history of China and its dynasties. Even though it was interesting to learn about the different dynasties, it wasnt really related to our assignment and wasnt engagingly written. I felt like there was too much factual information for a reader to keep focused on the main idea. The author didnt have clear specific information about the wall. It was scattered all over different chapters without a clear organizing structure. It wouldve been better if he included more information on and of the people who built the walls, their lifestyle, and the conditions in which they worked in. He could have also included more information on the lifestyles of nomads and how the wall changed their traditional cultures.

Middle school Essay

0 year i was born on 1998/7/5, in shanghai, china. 9 month i learned how to walk. 3 years old my first day of kindergarten. i cried but i also met a lot of cool kids. i learned to read. 4 years old i started to dance and i love dancing. 7 years old i went to elementary school and i was very exciting. i played violin for one year and then i quit. 9 years old lost my first tooth, i’m scared. 10 years old i got a first C in my life. rode my bicycle. 12 years old I went to a good middle school, and most people are very good at study. i felt i’m so lonely and tired. But after 2 weeks, i made a lot of friends and i love my life in my high school. my feet hurt, my doctor told me that i can’t dance anymore, play any spots or P. E. class. 13 years old i moved to america because i got a bad score in my middle school. my parents think that i can’t get into a good high school in china. most my classmates cried, i cried. i really missed them went i first came to here. but after few days, i adjusted my new life and i like my new school taylor middle school. however, i still miss my family members in shanghai and my friends. i still contact them. i also took a lot of classes after school to improve my english. 14 years old i became a eighth grader, i felt i’m so mature. i learned a lot from this year. i started to play guitar. 15 years old i went to mils high school. i got a good grade. 19 years old i went to UC berkeley. i met my boyfriend. had a good time in UC berkely. 24 years old graduated from UC berkeley, became a good psychologist. 26 years old i got married, have a good life. 27 years old got a lot of money and had my first child. 32 years old got my second child. 70 years old i got stomach cancer. 82 years old i died from gastric cancer, i donated my organs.

Happy Nation

Happy Nation What is happiness? When asked this question, many people would have many different answers. Some may refer to happiness as family, and others may declare money as one of their main reasons for happiness. Indeed, all people are different. However, happy people usually have one thing in common and it is where they live. So, what should a country have, or look like in order to deem itself the happiest? According to New York Times’ reporter Nicholas D. Kristof, Costa Rica is the current â€Å"winner† of the â€Å"World Database of Happiness. This small Central American country has accomplished monumental undertakings to deserve this enormous title. For instance, Costa Rica abolished its army, preserved nature, and made investments in education more profitable than investments in artillery. In fact, Costa Ricans can be proud of their country and fairly deem themselves the happiest nation; however, Americans, for example, can also deem their country as the happi est ones. Moreover, the United States has everything to be at the top of the list of â€Å"happy nations. A rich environment, high level education, enriched family and international relationships would be some of the reasons why American citizens may consider themselves to be the happiest nation in the world. First of all, the United States have a very rich environment to be happy with. The environment of the US consists of sparkling lakes and streams full of fish, making fishing a popular hobby of Americans sportsman. In addition, an abundance of cascading mountains and forests full of deer, wild boars, pheasants, birds and other animals make hunters and naturalists alike happy to be here.In fact, every year more and more people retreat to the mountains and campsites to hunt or vacation and enjoy these natural amenities. To name a few others, skiing, snowboarding and biking are sports that becoming more popular these days. In 2009 for example, according to the National Ski and Sno wboarders Retailers Association, 5. 5 million people participated in the sport in 2009. The United States’ national parks encourage enthusiasts from its natives and tourists from all over the world.In addition, the US has many bodies of water, but the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, on the East and West Coasts of the United States, offer many opportunities. In fact, Americans love sea food and having access to the two largest oceans makes eating fish daily a common occurrence. Moreover, having two oceans spanning two major coast lines provides picturesque sandy beaches for comfortable living and popular vacation spots. From California to Oregon, and Maine to Florida, these beaches and scenic spots draw many to live and vacation here. Besides the lakes, mountains and beaches, the United States has many more wonders of nature.For instance, the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the Arches National Park in Utah as well as Yosemite National Park in Califo rnia all of which draw many visitors. Only Grand Canyon visited 4. 41 million tourists in 2008. In addition, Niagara Falls, sharing its border with Canada is also one of the most widely visited natural attractions among Americans. In other words, the United States has an incredible environment that can easily be deemed the best in the world. The second important reason why Americans can consider themselves a happy nation is education.American education is widely known as the best around of the world. In fact, most notable famous scientists, archaeologists and sportsman graduated from colleges and universities in the United States such as inventor Sicorsky, sportsmen Tiger Woods and a scientist Linus Pauling. Besides that, almost every person who had a chance to graduate from any of the United States’ universities countries became later successful in native country. Indeed, a diploma from an American educational institution is easily accepted in other countries; therefore, the re are not difficulties with finding job .In addition, there is also another extraordinary reason that supports American education opportunities. It is financial aid. Very few counties provide financial aid to low-income students, and American citizens who are offered this opportunity should be very proud of it. Despite the current economic downfall, the United States continues to provide this opportunity allowing students to obtain an education in higher learning. For instance, in 2008 the United States Government provided nearly 91 billion in financial aid to 104 million students.Moreover, according to President Obama the financial aid budget will increase this year and more students will be able to finish their study. Furthermore, the American government creates special programs that allow students from foreign countries to come to the United States on student visas. Those programs are very popular among foreign students because they not only provide a decent opportunity to gain a valued experienc e, but also provide job opportunities after graduation. Briefly, high level education is one of the reasons that support America as a happy nation.Finally, enriched family and international relationships are also good reasons that support the American â€Å"Happy Nation† theory. In fact, family, for almost every American citizen, is the biggest treasure in the world. There is no other place in the world where people send so many greeting cards to loved ones as they do here in the United States. For example, in the Ukraine cards are sent for happy events such as, birthdays, weddings or holidays, however it would be interpreted as a personal offense to receive a sympathy card when someone dies.It is even impossible to find such kind cards in the Ukraine because they simply are not for sale! Therefore, Americans have to be proud of having such a nicely-shared tradition. Another practiced tradition that may deem as â€Å"American only† is the Thanksgivin g holiday. In fact, this favorite United States’ holiday is unfamiliar to other countries. Indeed, there is no other place in the world where people, once a year – no matter what, spend many hours flying or driving to spend this holiday with their loved ones enjoying family traditions.Besides the family relationships, Americans have excellent international relationships. Around the world the United States is known as a strong, wealthy and successful county. Moreover, during international conflicts the United States’ opinion often plays an important role in the negotiating process. In fact, in 2002 the United States of America solved Arab-Israeli Conflict between Palestine and Israel. Indeed, America is looked upon for its strength. Besides good negotiation skills America is known as a very welcomed and peaceful country.Throughout time thousands of people from hundreds of countries, despite their race or religion, settled and made their homes in the United States . In other words, a country where discrimination does not exist and holiday traditions are practiced from generation to generation can easily be deemed a joyful place in the world. The United States has everything it needs to consider it a happy country. People from around of the world who visited the US at least once noticed how glorious the United States is.Moreover, the relationships that the American Government built over time with other countries may also be one of the reasons why American citizens are proud of their country. In addition, the high level of education that is world renowned may also make citizens feel happy. In other words, a happy nation is comprised of hard-working satisfied people who enjoy their environment, families and homes, who take pride and are patriotic, and who support educational opportunities provided by a government respected by other nations – that country is the United States of America.

Meat the Truth The Humane Problem - 750 Words

The world has different views on whether it is ethical to eat meat. The most important moral should be that the animals are being treated humanely before and during the slaughtering process. Customers who eat meat need to know that the meat they are buying does not come from mistreated animals. Customers should be buying their meat from small farms or larger companies that promote cruelty-free production. Broiler chickens are kept to a point they can barely walk and hens are piled in a small cage with a half-dozen more hens. These hens end up eating their own cage partners, rubbing their breasts against the wire to the point they are bleeding and 10 percent of hens do not even survive these conditions. Factory farms do this so customers can buy eggs at a cheap price. We cull to keep populations of animals down and to keep them also from starvation. If an animal gets old or has a disease the people taking care of the animals should put them down humanely so they do not suffer through the process. If more places would practice humane treatment towards animals that are being raised for slaughter and training their employees how to care for the animals, society might not think eating meat is so cruel. Hughes 2 Researching where the meat is coming from is a big step in not buying mistreated animals. Animals live their lives out in factory farms that mistreat these animals. Pork producers have the sows in horrible conditions by keeping them in a farrowing crate whereShow MoreRelatedIs Meat Consumption For The Simplest Daily Activities And Bodily Functions?1683 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history and even dating up to today have relied on meat consumption for the simplest daily activities and bodily functions. In fact, Harvard University anthropology professor and researcher claims, â€Å"The story of evolution is one that is intimately tied to meat. From the earliest stages of life, people relied on meat to get energy, which allowed them â€Å"to become physically, anatomically, human† (R. Wrangham). Humans evolved so that meat has become an essential in every day life. However, withRead MoreTrying for Humane Farming651 Words   |  3 PagesHumane Farming When dealing with food, Americans are forced to put their trust into the food industry. Although, there has been an increase of awareness, not enough, on how the industry grows food, processes, and what Americans consume. The United States is riddled with food industry immorality, obesity, and inadequate nutrition education. The government should have more control of the food industry, beyond the mandating of Nutrition Facts labels. In order to enhance the life quality of AmericansRead MoreEssay on Behind Meat and Meat Factories1404 Words   |  6 Pages Background/History Meat has been in our diet since the start of mankind. We eat meat everyday mindlessly. It is hard to avoid meat since it is everywhere we go. Meat is the majority of today’s food. There are very few vegetarian or vegan options in the food industry. Although, it has been growing more and more popular since it has become a lifestyle. The reason is to be the horrifying truth of today’s meat industry. For those who cannot bear the truth, pick up the vegetarian or vegan lifestyleRead MoreAnimal Slaughtering Is The Killing Of Animals1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthe human population a faster way of slaughtering needed to be created in order to keep up. The question here is, have we, in our attempt to provide for the many, forgotten about ethical ways to kill those that are gifting us with their life? The problem we need to understand here is that many of these regulated methods are not ethical and cause suffering to the dying animal. Whether it causes them â€Å"pain and distress even at low concentrations† due to the carbon dioxide, â€Å"broken bones† due to shacklingRead MoreThe Two Principles Of A Basis Of Our Brain Capacity, Ability, And Preferences Of Life1698 Words   |  7 PagesTiraj Lucas Professor Onishi Philosophy 229 March 5th, 2017 INTRODUCTION The problem at hand is that majority humans believe we are superior to non-human animals on the basis of our brain capacity, ability, and preferences of life. The two principles of consequentialism I plan to work with is the two that consequentialism are based on: 1. Whether an act is right or wrong depends only on the results of that act. 2. The better consequences an act produces, the better or more right that act.   TheseRead MoreThe Unknown Slaughter : Animal Slaughter1945 Words   |  8 Pagespeople in other countries are unaware of the truth behind killing dolphins. The United States has a moral obligation to intervene in the slaughter of dolphins all over the world, including international waters, because it is our duty to open people’s eyes to the truth about dolphin slaughter. Though some argue that Americans kill animals as well, America has rules and regulations on how to kill animals. America could do this by informing people about the truth on how dolphins are really killed, educatingRead MoreA Campaign Against Kfc961 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause I myself am not a fan of meat and do not like the taste personally, but I also do not think it is all right by any means with what they do to the animals. I believe that they are completely abusing these animals so carelessly and it is extreme animal cruelty. I feel like a majority of other people would say it is perfectly fine though. This is because many people do like meat and businesses are going to continue on harming the animals and receiving their meat and selling it to make profit.Read MoreDocumentary: Food Inc Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthey reason?† nor, â€Å"Can they talk?† but rather, â€Å"Can they suffer?† This argument spoken by Jeremy is often seen as the back stone as the animal rights philosophy. The irony of the quote is that Jeremy actually saw nothing wrong with eating meat. He ate meat once per day but he lived by the code that mean should seek t o give animals a decent life, and strive to offer the animal a death that was less painful than what would have awaited them in a natural world. When it comes down to the common killingRead MoreThe United States Meat Animal Research Center1390 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurring at the United States Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, Nebraska. The United States Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) was founded 51 years ago on June 16, 1964 (U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Clay Center, NE). This research facility was established to consolidate the United States Department of Agriculture’s research on farm animals; beef, swine, and sheep in particular. The mission of the USMARC states: â€Å"Scientists at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC)Read MoreAnimal Cruelty in Slaughter Houses Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesare unsanitary and violent. The lack of rules and regulations cause animals to be treated poorly because this industry is focused on mass production and profit rather than finding a more humane alternative to run the meat packing business. The most effective method to stop this cruelty is to learn about where meat comes from, start supporting the organic and family farms which will ultimately lead to the reducing the amount of animals that have to suffer. Millions of animals endure a life of hunger

Race And Its Impact On Society - 972 Words

Race, a term people choose to blandly deny but affect our everyday lives. Whether or not we choose to be consciously aware of it or not, race has an astronomical effect on our society. A persons’ race affects what school that they attend, their form of employment and ultimately how they are perceived. Race is defined as â€Å"groupings of people believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities†. Smith Lecture notes. Essentially, one can categorize or identify the race of an individual based on physical characteristics such as eye shape, nose, hair color, hair texture, and body structure. The idea of race has not existed through out human time, it was a term that was recently established by white suppress as a means to justify the enslavement of African people. The term is still being used today as a means to continue to suppress the blacks and to make whites seem superior to black individuals. The purpose of race was to explain why some people could be denied the natural rights that was promised to them; liberty. Race is a social construct, this means that the concept of â€Å"race† results from from a process of signification whereby only certain physical characteristics are attributed with meaning and are then used to organize populations into groups which are then defined as races . Through social practice a persons’ perception of an individual based on specific physical attributes are used to group people that share these physical propertiesShow MoreRelatedRace and Ethicity within Sociology959 Words   |  4 Pageswithin our society. Within the subtopic of race, several areas including our current culture, social psychology and the current format of our social institutions allow for the production and often the reproduction of racial discrimination in our day and age. Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficial when examining the impact that racial d iscrimination and inequality has on our society. In this paper, I will delve into the subtopic of race and ethnicityRead MoreThe Red Summer Of 19191038 Words   |  5 Pageskilled than the amount of people being killed in the Chicago race riots. Fighting was happening all over our country. We were killing one another because of the hatred towards racism. â€Å"The Red Summer of 1919 refers to a series of race riots that took place between May and October of that year. Although riots occurred in more than thirty cities throughout the United States, the bloodiest events were in Chicago, Washington D.C. and Elaine, Ark.† (Retreived from the About Education website : http://afroamhistoryRead MoreDiversity At A Young Age920 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is a very common word used in today s society. 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We see these racial hierarchies with notio ns of white superiority affecting events around the globe everyday; regardless of the fact that race has beenRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Stereotypes1362 Words   |  6 Pagesof a society, and usually have a negative message. It is commonly said that a world without these stereotypes is how the world should be. However, this is unachievable. As harmful as a stereotype can be, it is necessary and it is a part of all of our lives. Stereotypes are inevitable and present in all places and therefore are a factor in all human beings lives whether they know it or not. PARTITION 1: Firstly, while stereotypes are a major issue in today’s world, they are crucial to society andRead MoreThe Arms Race and How it Changed the United States of America1415 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Evil Empire† — that is what, at the height of the arms race, United States President Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union (Rudolph 1). Unsurprisingly, the Soviet Union was similarly upset at the United States. This anger is what fueled the arms race. During the Cold War, due to fears of nuclear attack, the US and Soviet Union designed and deployed thousands of nuclear warheads, each hoping to deter the other from nuclear launch with threat of counter attack (O’Neal 1). This massive armsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1138 Words   |  5 Pagesfor letting a group of her students name themselves as something offensive. It was definitely something she wasn’t familiar with so she slid by, causing controversy for the parents and the so ciety. But did the teacher deserve all that criticism? Blogger Kate Clancy noted that â€Å"people need to focus more on the impact rather than the intent† (Tannenbaum). Did someone get hurt? Was there a negative outcome? Based on that, the teacher should apologize to the angry parents. In another words, people tend

Choosing A Map For Life By M. Scott Peck - 1213 Words

Thu Le Professor Mary Margaret Lobb HUMN 1301.04 September 21, 2015 Our reality â€Å"Choosing a Map for Life,† by M. Scott Peck, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† by Plato, The Truman Show and â€Å"Salvation† by Langston Hughes describe the true reality in our world. They make us think about wherever that is true or false. Also, in order to find the truth, we have to get out, discover the world around and revise it. In the article â€Å"Choosing a Map for Life†, Scott Peck compares each person’s view and reality to a map—which is used to guide us through the journey. He says that â€Å"The more clearly we see the reality of the world, the better equipped we are to deal with the world.† Peck also says that people tend to ignore the reality because it is painful and the others’ views are narrow and misleading. I think it’s true because by facing the reality, we will know who we are, what we can do in the future to make us reach our goal. The reality can be a mistake that we made and can be hurt but that’s how we learn and experience. In addition, Peck mentioned that in order to have a precise map throughout our life, â€Å"we have to continually revise them. The world itself is constantly changing.† I agree with this statement because as the world is changing, we have to change too. We cannot go through life with perspective that we had when we were a child, we have to grow up and look at the world differently. During my childhood, my parents always said that it wasn’t good to go out by myself, but as IShow MoreRelatedThe Allegory Of The Cave, By M. Scott Peck Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesTrue Reality â€Å"Choosing a Map for Life,† by M. Scott Peck, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† by Plato, â€Å"The Truman Show† and â€Å"Salvation† by Langston Hughes describe the views and perspective of the reality in our world. We have to get out, discover the world around and revise it. By setting up a map or goal and revising it in the world, will make us to control our perceptions and draw close to the reality. In the article â€Å"Choosing a Map for Life†, Scott Peck says about the accurate map will guide us toRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategies for market nichers Military analogies and competitive strategy: a brief summary The inevitability of strategic wear-out (or the law of marketing gravity and why dead cats only bounce once) The influence of product evolution and the product life cycle on strategy Achieving above-average performance and excellence Summary 387 390 396 423 425 427 427 427 428 438 447 461 463 465 474 478 484 489 493 495 497 497 497 498 500 505 510 515 517 518 520 522 523 528 528 534 Stage Three: How mightRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesPolytechnic Institute, all in engineering. From 1969 to 1984 he was a faculty member of the School of Industrial Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology; from 1984 to 1988 he was at the University of Washington, where he held the John M. Fluke Distinguished Chair of Manufacturing Engineering, was Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and was Director of the Program in Industrial Engineering. 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Quality and Fundamentals of Organizational - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Fundamentals of Organizational Management. Answer: Introduction: Managing an organization is a complex task, which is putting immense pressure on the mangers with the gradual development of business and the inception of newest technologies. The business of modern age is not just any simple transformation of traditional business with some enhanced infrastructure; it is in actuality more than just a modern version of the traditional form of business (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The traditional form of business was limited to a smaller area of operation; however, the business of modern area has expanded to a vast area. The expansion of business to a vast area can be attributed to the advent of globalization, which has redefined the meaning of competition. The competition is more complex now and companies across the globe are facing tough challenges in coping with the aroused challenges (Alexander and Price 2013). Two are the most important aspects of business, which are facing enormous amount of pressures on the companies. Those two factors are the CSR and the Change Management. Undoubtedly, these two factors have tested the supremacy of irrespective of the companies. The main purpose of the assignment is to analyze the two potential pressures on the organizations and the way out of it for the managers. The assignment thus seeks the remedial actions from the managers on the challenges created in the form of CSR and Change Management. Responsibilities of managers have now found a new definition, which is more about facing the challenges and finding the necessary solutions to counter those challenges. This does happen for seeking a competitive advantage in the market. The never dying desires to be competitive in the market have out enormous pressures on the managers to think on some strategies, which could actually put forward solutions to all the expected or unexpected problems and challenges (Grunig 2013). The managers are now looking for external competition also apart from concentrating on the internal performance of the team. The added pressures have made their job more challenging from the traditional format of doing business. Handling a vast team is less challenging than responding to the utter competition in the market from bigger companies. The increasing competitions in the market have favoured the destiny of some; however, it has disrupted the business or the reputation of some. For example, Walmart have been able to handle the pressure of competition in most parts of world where the Company is operating. However, some companies have found this tougher to produce the same effect as that of Walmart (Aho 2012). Organizations of modern world are not just the centre of business only; they are rather more than that. Often, the association of organizations are made with the social responsibility, which has now become the utter component of the business practices. The addition of CSR to the business practices can be attributed to the perspectives of common people, which have created the necessity of feeling the importance of CSR. Companies are now finding this as their utmost solution to earn the competitive advantage in the market (van Aken, Berends and Van der Bij 2012). This is because of the fact that irrespective of the kinds of multinational companies are heading towards CSR related activities. However, the actions have benefitted only to some companies such as Walmart. Arguably, Unilever failed to some extent in meeting with the CSR related expectations, which they had set for as their organizational objectives. Some of the criticism, which the Unilever Company had faced in the past does very well speak about their below standard performance on the CSR. Undoubtedly, Unilever is one of the largest companies of the world in terms of revenues. The Company felt miserably and unexpectedly in terms of CSR related outcomes (Rothaermel 2015). The driving force behind CSR related activities are some of the theories, which makes this an integral part of the organizations. The stakeholder theory is one of those theories, which governs the importance of stakeholders for a Company. The theory does state that irrespective kinds of stakeholders are needed to be satisfied to attain the maximum adherence of CSR. It is indeed a tough task for the managers and for the companies. However, the stakeholder theory just governs the importance of the associated stakeholders to the companies. The theory is extremely helpful in making an obligation on the companies for adhering to the instructed terms. However, the obligation level depends heavily on the execution of the available resources. Unilever could not sustain with the stakeholder theory; however, Walmart had shown great potential against the created urgency. Some of the techniques are extremely important for achieving the maximum rating in their CSR elated approaches (Puckey 2013). Managers can make some strategies to reduce the level of challenges posed by the CSR. They need to think on the required strategies. In this regard, they could also follow the footsteps of some other established organizations, which have proved their credentials in the past in the CSR related activities. However, the adherence of approaches depends heavily on the feasibility rate, which is in direct proportion to the available resources of the Company. The companies are needed to have some analysis on the available resources and then plan it accordingly (Klein, Becker and Meyer 2012). They should have a long discussion on how to implement the CSR related activities to attain a maximum success. To implement the CSR related strategies, companies should first categorise different of its stakeholders based on their priority level. For example, Unilever has categorised its customers as the most prioritised stakeholder followed by its employees. It is indeed very difficult to satisfy the r equirements of all the connected stakeholders; however, efforts can be given to achieve the maximum outcomes. The most complex part of the list of stakeholders can be reduced by enhancing the involvement of technology (Laloux 2014). For example, the value chain operation is one of the most complex parts of business operations. Nevertheless, it is suppliers are also representing one of the elements of stakeholders. The inception of technology can be used to reduce the complexity of values chains as Walmart did it. This helps in having control on some of the major part of a business operation. This shortens the list of stakeholders needed to satisfy, which is indeed helpful in reducing the burden to some extent from the managers (Scott and Davis 2015). Acquiring a firm control on the operation of values chain is also a key to produce quality products and have control on the production. The complexity of value chain can be reduced and made sophisticated by incepting technological advancement in it. Moreover, it helps in attaining the own distribution centre, which is important for having an utmost control on the entire manufacturing process (March 2013). This is exactly what Walmart does to perfection. The reduction of complexity of value chains would certainly open up ways for the customer satisfaction as the produced goods and products are directly in the control of the parent company. This indeed is a solution to the complexity of suppliers and the customers, which represent a significant position in the list of stakeholder. Employees are perhaps the easiest of all the stakeholders to handle. This is because of the fact that they are under direct control of the companies. Managers can try to incept some reward system in the Compa ny as this helps the mangers in attaining the maximum dedication of employees. Several of reward system such as extrinsic and intrinsic reward system, job security, employee satisfaction and flexibility with the work-life balance are some of the key ideas, which the managers can use to attain the maximum output from the employees (Slack 2015). Change management is another important aspect of the modern organizations, which are creating enormous pressures on the managers. Change in the process and functioning of organizations can be attributed to the fact of globalization, which has created revolution in the world of business (Fleischmann et al. 2014). Globalization has integrated different organizations if different geographical orientate at one place. This has to some extent has broaden the concept of business as well as has advanced the organizations in the technological field. However, it has also created enormous of pressures on the managers to maintain a balancing approach with the irrespective kinds of employees from different cultures in the world. Globalization is encouraging different organizations as it is facilitating the entrance of companies into some other market (Alvesson and Willmott 2012). Those companies, which are not performing well in their home country, they have fair amount of chances to perform in s ome other parts of world. However, it is not always true that globalization does bring happiness at all times. It has happened with some of the companies that they failed n leaving any impression on some other market. For example, Walmart is still struggling to show any significant business growth in the Chinese market. Nevertheless, the Chinese market is one of the fastest emerging markets in the world and is the second largest retailing industry of the world. China is the second largest country in terms of economy power. Despite of all those facts, it has still made few companies struggled especially to the foreign companies. Irrespective kinds of facts, which are associated with the globalization, it can well be concluded that globalization has brought severe competition in between local and foreign companies in the respective market (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). To be competitive in the era of business, which is majorly influenced by the term globalization, it becomes necessary for the companies and the managers that they are responsive enough to the created challenges. The managers need to have some strategies o how to cope up with the changing nature of market. The Lewins Change Model is very effective in adopting some strategies for the response against the globalization changes. The change model does speak about three stages, which are very important for managing the required changes in the organizations (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis 2015). The first stage of the change model is the condition of unfreeze like in the case of an ice cube, which melts under a fixed melting point. Lewins did postulate the importance of unfreeze as this represent the primary stage of the change management. In this stage, the managers are needed to plan strategies for giving response to the created problem. In course of doing this, the managers are first neede d to be come out of the existing system and communicate the same with all the higher management and the supervisors (Schalock and Verdugo 2012). Moreover, a healthy communication flow within the organization is necessary for having the mindset for the assimilation to the required changes. The second stage of the change model does speak about the required changes, which are felt as a requirement for being competitive in the market. The managers have a huge contribution in this stage, as they are to discuss the most feasible changes with the organizational capabilities. It is advisable for the managers that they have clear and concise views on the required changes. Once the required changes have been identified, it is necessary to communicate the changes appropriately with all the higher management, the supervisors and the employees (Griffin 2013) Communicating about the required changes is perhaps the most complex part before the implementation. The required changes might not catch the attention of all those who are associated to the concerned companies by any means. Moreover, it is imperative to have a clear and concise internal communication to facilitate the required changes in the organization. The third and the final stage is that of refreeze, which governs the fact that once the required changes have been strategized, it is the time for its execution to attain the desired goal. The execution of the strategies to bring the required changes is of utter importance and of high pressure on the managers. The managers need to focus on the set strategies and be patient after implementing the required changes. The incepted changes might not brig quick results for them. This is why it is important to have patience after the implementation of the changes is done. This also helps in attaining a maximum profitability of the incepted changes and in making some other strategies for further assistance. The adherence of Lewins Change Model is imperative for the execution and handling of the required changes. It helps managers being firm control even under the oddest of the situations (Griffin 2013). The modern style of business has put immense pressures on the shoulders of managers. The managers are more than just a manager as they are required to perform more than what was perceived from them. The highly changing world of business has put immense pressures on the managers and the organizations. The increasing competition can be termed as a healthy process for the employees as they would have several of job options from different companies. However, it is not a healthy sign for the managers of different companies if it does not find any solution for the required changes. However, the globalization has completely changed the business perspectives of managers. The modern world of business is now more in favour of those who have high level of flexibility with the rapid changing competitive environment. The sustenance of modern day business now depends more on the competitiveness sills and the CSR elated activities. References Aho, M., 2012, July. What is your PMI? A model for assessing the maturity of performance management in organizations. InProceedings of the International Conference on Performance Management: From Strategy to Delivery, PMA 2012. Alexander, K. and Price, I. eds., 2013.Managing Organizational Ecologies: Space, Management, and Organizations(Vol. 22). Routledge. Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H., 2012.Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015.Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Obermeier, S. and Brger, E., 2014.Subject-oriented business process management. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Griffin, R.W., 2013.Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Klein, H.J., Becker, T.E. and Meyer, J.P. eds., 2012.Commitment in organizations: Accumulated wisdom and new directions. Routledge. Laloux, F., 2014.Reinventing organizations. Nelson Parker. March, J.G., 2013.Handbook of Organizations (RLE: Organizations)(Vol. 20). Routledge. Puckey, W., 2013.Organization in Business Management (RLE: Organizations): A Guide for Managers and Potential Managers. Routledge. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Schalock, R.L. and Verdugo, M.A., 2012.A Leadership Guide for Today's Disabilities Organizations: Overcoming Challenges and Making Change Happen. Brookes Publishing Company. PO Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. van Aken, J., Berends, H. and Van der Bij, H., 2012.Problem solving in organizations: A methodological handbook for business and management students. Cambridge University Press.